Literacy In America Essay -- Illiteracy In America

At least 40 million American adults need stronger literacy skills to take advantage of more lifelong learning opportunities (Knowles 12). first base literacy limits life chances, regardless of how it is defined or measured. According to The Random House Dictionary literacy is defined as the quality or state of being literate person, esp. the capacity to rent and write. Another breakdown of the word, from the same source is possession of education. Basic skills and literacy abilities are widely viewed as necessities for lifelong learning and the development of success among individuals, families, communities, and charge nations. Better knowledge about literacy is an essential condition for improving it. Helping children improve their literacy skills can help them develop the capacity for lifelong learning, keep measure with changing educational expectations and rapid technological change, and achieve their life goals. Today in society there are many adults with poor literacy s kills who lack the stem they need to find and keep decent jobs, to support their childrens education and help them mold a literate future. I have taken one and only(a) small step towards this difficulty by tutoring at two schools. The more time people put towards helping the youth of America is the more literate our population can become. Every small action can help, even if it is just tutoring at local middle and junior high schools.To determine the literacy skills of American adults, the 1992 National mature Literacy Survey (NALS) used test items that resembled everyday life tasks. The NALS classified the results into five levels that are now commonly used to describe adults literacy skills. In Level 1 almost all of the adults can read a little but not well enough to fill out an application, read a food label, or read a simple story to a child. Adults in Level 2 ordinarily can perform more complex tasks much(prenominal) as comparing, contrasting, or integrating pieces of inf ormation but usually not higher-level reading and problem-solving skills. Adults in levels 3 through 5 usually can perform the same types of more complex tasks with increasing length and subject matter (Knox 37). Very few adults are completely illiterate they hardly fall into the lower levels of literacy. Between 21 and 23 percent of the adult population or approximately 44 million people, according to the National Adult Literacy Survey (NALS... ...lar choice of activity and I feel this project helps our community run in an unending circle of assistance.Through volunteer work such as the activities that I have participated in the past semesters, I foresee the solution of the illiteracy problem in the country. There is hope for the future of this problem because people like myself work for this cause. If others get involved, illiteracy will continue to be reduced. Literacy is at the heart of a nations future . . . and the family is at the heart of literacy. The home is a childs fir st school . . . a parent is a childs first teacher . . . and spoken communication is a childs first subject.-UnknownWorks CitedKlevins, Chester. Materials & Methods-In Adult and Continuing Education. Los Angeles Klevens Publication Inc., 1987.Knowles, Malcolm S. The Modern Practice of Adult Education. Chicago Follett Publishing Company. 1980.Knox, Alan B. Helping Adults Learn. San Francisco Jossey-Bass Publishers. 1986.Merriam, Sharan B. An modify on Adult Learning Theory. San Francisco Jossey-Bass Publishers, 1993.Stein, Jess. The Random House Dictionary of the English Language. New York Random House, 1966.

Fire-Starter :: Essays Papers

Fire-StarterCharacter Review Protagonist- Charlie McGee is a girl with pyrokinesis (a top executive in which someone can light fires with a glance). She is 8 years old. She is short, has blond hair, and dark-brown eyes. She doesnt like her power very much because she cant reassure it. When she was about 5 years old, she was in the kitchen with her pargonnts when they were trying to help her control her power. They gave her a test on a piece of toast, she burnt it to a crisp, and then she accidentally burnt her mothers hands. The next day, when her dad came class from work, Charlie and her mother were nowhere to be found. Her father, Andy McGee, found his wife, dead in a closet. Charlie was still missing the shop had killed her mother and kidnapped her. Both Andy and Charlies mother had telekinesis, (a power in which, someone can make a person think that something is what its not, or make them think what that person is thinking). Andy drove to a neighbors house, and use d his power on the two agents that had kidnapped Charlie. He and Charlie drove of and were in search of for a few years. Charlie cant stand people that are after her, or mean, or especially lie to her. Charlies whole life is included in this book. The book revolves around Charlies power. Its so powerful, that her parents cant even try to control it.Charlies main weakness is trusting too many people. She trusts to many strangers, which could lead to danger. Her basic problem is trying not to get caught by the shop (a secret government agency that wants to investigate her power). They have been after her since she was born. Since both of her parents had telekinesis, she was born with a disparate set of DNA, which gave her the power of pyrokinesis. I really like Charlie. I like the way she wants to control her power, and I like how she has a lot of confidence, its like she knows whats going to happen, and that everything is going to be fine.The thing that I specifically a dmire is the way she copes with the way she was brought up. She was brought up, to learn to use her power when she could to get money or food, or whatever she needed, but she knows that it isnt right to steal, and it isnt right to use a power that nobody else has to get something that you actually dont deserve.

drug essay :: essays research papers

Would I say no to drugs and alcohol if I were asked to try it? That is a enquire that I have been asked many times. What else can I say but absolutely Why would I say yes to something that very slowly destroys your body? Frankly, I dont turn in why anybody would actu in ally want to try it if they know the consequences that they will end up with later in life. Everybody knows, you and I know it, that if they continue smoking for the rest of their life, it is just a matter of time until something really horrible rolls around the corner and ruins the rest of their life. Just think of all the great opportunities that would be waiting for them if they chose to live a healthy life. Have you ever seen those smoking commercials? For instance, the one with the old lady with the hole in her cut? Well, some state might think those commercials are just pointless and gross, but I have a different opinion. I think those commercials appoint a strong message to young kids just starting to exp eriment with booze and drugs. They can see the actual effects they have on people and maybe, just maybe, teenagers and other people who are just starting will think twice about making smoking a regular habit. detrimental breath, premature wrinkles, yellow teeth, etc. are just some of the short-term effects that drugs will cast upon you. Its almost like casting a spell on youmagically they just appear. Some long-term effects of the poisons are much more severe and if you are lucky enough to watch them, youll sure wish you never started. Cancer, emphysema, and birth defects if you are pregnant, are just some of the horrible long-term effects that you will probably end up with in the latter parts of your life.

life :: essays research papers

I felt the warmth of my mothers hands on my cracked skin while she held my face. Her soft voice whispered in my ear good night. It was a cold winter night after Christmas as my mother tucked me in to bed, care she always had. After telling me good night her lips hit my cheek to give me the last kiss she incessantly would. As she walked issue, I told her I love you with all my heart and always will. In the, morning the warmth of the sun hit my face and woke me up like any other morning, however something was different, something just wasnt right. I lay in my warm bed, trying to ascertain why I wasnt tactility right. I jumped out of bed and woke my little brother up to go eat breakfast. As we walked down the hall, I heard my dad pouring a cup of hot coffee. Daddy is mom still sleeping, I asked. Mom will be gone for a while but baby, dont worry he told my brother and me in a sad voice. We will be just fine. I didnt understand why my mom would be gone though. I asked myself will she ever come back? Seven years have gone by and still my mom is gone, and my life has changed much than I thought it would. Jess, get Drews clothes ready for school tomorrow, my dad would admonish me every night before going to bed. make current my brother would be ready for school every morning, making sure he ate breakfast before he left for school, and making sure his homework was done everyday was what my mother used to do every morning and day but now she is gone. Now that she is gone I have to take that place. Now that I am the only lady in the house, I have to be the mother. No more going out on Friday nights with my friends, no more doing whatever I want. Every Friday, my friends would go out to the movies, and have fun without me. I had to stay home and make sure everything was right for my family. Now I have responsibilities like my brother who is now like my son. He thinks of me as not only a sister but a mother too. When you hear an eight year old boy call you mom a nd you are as young as me, its the scariest sense of touch you can have.

2pac Shakur :: essays research papers

Tupac Shakur grew up around nothing but self-delusion. His mother, Alice Faye Williams, thought she was a "revolutionary." She called herself "Afeni Shakur" and associated with members of the ill-fated dark Panther Party, a movement that wanted to tend school kids breakfast and earn civil rights for African Americans. During her youth she dropped out of high school, partied with North Carolina gang members, then moved to Brooklyn After an affair with ace of Malcolm Xs bodyguards, she became political. When the mostly white United Federation of Teachers went on strike in 1968, she crossed the picket line and taught the children herself. After this she joined a New York chapter of the dim Panther Party and fell in with an organizer named Lumumba. She took to ranting about killing "the pigs" and overthrowing the government, which eventually led to her arrest and that of twenty comrades for conspiring to set off a race war. Pregnant, she made bail and told he r husband, Lummuba, it wasnt his child. Behind his back she had been carrying on with Legs (a small-time associate of Harlem drug baron Nicky Barnes) and Billy Garland (a member of the Party). Lumumba immediately separate fer.Things went downhill for Afeni Bail revoked, she was imprisoned in the Womens House of Detention in Greenwich Village. In her cell she patted her belly and said, "This is my prince. He is going to save the black nation."By the time Tupac was born on June 16, 1971, Afeni had already defended herself in court and been acquitted on 156 counts. Living in the Bronx, she found steady work as a paralegal and tried to raise her son to respect the value of an education.From childhood, everyone called him the "Black Prince." For misbehaving, he had to read an entire edition of The New York Times. But she had no coif when he asked about his daddy. "She just told me, I dont know who your daddy is. It wasnt like she was a slut or nothin. It was just so me rough times."When he was two, his sister, Sekyiwa, was born. This childs father, Mutulu, was a Black Panther who, a few months before her birth, had been sentenced to sixty years for a fatal armored car robbery.With Mutulu away, the family experienced hard times. No matter where they moved-the Bronx, Harlem, unsettled shelters-Tupac was distressed. "I remember crying all the time.

2pac Shakur :: essays research papers

Tupac Shakur grew up around nothing but self-delusion. His mother, Alice Faye Williams, thought she was a "revolutionary." She cal lead herself "Afeni Shakur" and associated with members of the ill-fated wispy Panther Party, a movement that wanted to feed school kids breakfast and earn civil rights for African Americans. During her youth she dropped out of high school, partied with North Carolina hoop members, then moved to Brooklyn After an affair with one of Malcolm Xs bodyguards, she became political. When the mostly white United Federation of Teachers went on strike in 1968, she crossed the picket specify and taught the children herself. After this she joined a New York chapter of the Black Panther Party and fell in with an organizer named Lumumba. She took to ranting about killing "the pigs" and overthrowing the government, which eventually led to her arrest and that of twenty comrades for conspiring to set off a race war. Pregnant, she made bail and told her husband, Lummuba, it wasnt his child. Behind his back she had been motorcarrying on with Legs (a small-time associate of Harlem drug mogul Nicky Barnes) and Billy Garland (a member of the Party). Lumumba immediately divorced fer.Things went downhill for Afeni Bail revoked, she was imprisoned in the Womens House of Detention in Greenwich Village. In her cell she patted her venter and said, "This is my prince. He is going to save the black nation."By the time Tupac was born on June 16, 1971, Afeni had already defended herself in court and been acquitted on 156 counts. Living in the Bronx, she found steady work as a paralegal and tried to raise her son to respect the value of an education.From childhood, everyone called him the "Black Prince." For misbehaving, he had to read an intact edition of The New York Times. But she had no answer when he asked about his daddy. "She vertical told me, I dont know who your daddy is. It wasnt like she was a slut or nothin. It was just some rough times."When he was two, his sister, Sekyiwa, was born. This childs father, Mutulu, was a Black Panther who, a few months before her birth, had been sentenced to sixty years for a fatal armored car robbery.With Mutulu away, the family experienced hard times. No matter where they moved-the Bronx, Harlem, homeless shelters-Tupac was distressed. "I remember crying all the time.

Application of Nanotechnology in Diagnosis and Treatment of Diseases: Cancer

RESEARCH PROPOSAL APPLICATION OF NANOTECHNOLOGY IN DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF DISEASES CANCER. BY OLOWOKERE JOHN 1. 0 induction Nanotechnology is the study, design, creation, synthesis, manipulation, and application of materials, devices, and systems at the nanometer scale (One meter consists of 1 billion nanometers). It is becoming increasingly important in palm like engineering, agriculture, construction, microelectronics and health negociate to mention a few. The application of nanotechnology in the field of health cargon has come under long attention in recent times.There argon some(prenominal) interpositions today that take a lot of time and ar also precise expensive. Using nanotechnology, quicker and much cheaper treatments arsehole be developed. By perform further question on this technology, cures can be found for diseases that score no cure today. We could make surgical instruments of such precision and deftness that they could black market on the cells and e ven molecules from which we be made something well beyond todays medical technology. Therefore nanotechnology can help save the lives of many people. Mohd & Jeffery, 2007). The specific purpose of this tale is to explain the application of nanotechnology to the diagnosis and treatment of diseases such as cancer in the field of medicine. Applications such as do drugs address system, tissue reconstruction and disease diagnosis and treatment shall be discussed. This report will be of particular interest and help to researchers in the genetic engineering and biotechnology discussion section of the federal university of technology Minna, and other research institutions. 1. 1 Problem StatementThe specific purpose of this report is to delve into the application of nanotechnology to diagnose and treat diseases in the field of medicine using our own indigenous technology. Applications such as drug deli very(prenominal) system, tissue reconstruction and disease diagnosis and treatment shall be discussed as it relates to cancer. 1. 2. Justification of the Study With the raging scourge of cancer in the world today, nanotechnology provides the field of medicine with promising hope for assistance in its diagnosis and treatment as well as improving the general quality of life.Humans have the potential to live healthier lives in the near future due to the innovations of nanotechnology. near of these innovations include Disease diagnosis, prevention and treatment of disease, better drug delivery system with minimal look effects and tissue reconstruction. 1. 3. Objective of the Study This research work is designed to achieve the following objectives ? Design and production of nano-tech devices and equipment for the diagnosis of diseases such as cancer. ?To develop a model that predicts the method involve in the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of diseases such as cancer. Design of nanoparticles for nano-tech applications such as tissue reconstruction. ?To determine the method that will best optimize the drug delivery system with minimal side effects. 1. 4. Scope and Limitation of the Study The scope of this research work shall be limited to the application of nanotechnology in the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of cancer as highlighted in the problem statement of this research work. 2. 0 LITERATURE REVIEW The word nano is derived from the Greek nanos, directly translating to English as dwarf.From the very literal meaning of the word, at that placefore, it is inferred that the science is operated on a miniature scale. When working at a nanoscale, the prefix nano is utilize as an SI building block to denote any value multiplied by 10-9, meaning that a nanosecond is roughly a billionth of a second and a nanometre equates to a billionth of a metre. Ten hydrogen atoms lined up side by side would equate to a length of 1nm in fact, intimately atoms are a miniscule 0. 1-0. 2nm wide. Due to the fact that work on a cellular level is done prima rily at a nanoscale, it is therefore unsurprising that nanotechnology has paved the way for a vast quantity of iological development, and a great majority of the findings encountered have led to adulterateting edge breakthroughs in this area (Harry, 2005). Nanotechnology offers variant exciting prospects to every aspect of life. From dietary supplements to clothing, nanotechnology is evolving rapidly all around us. It offers numerous possibilities, especially in the medical sector of nanoscience (nanomedicine). Nanomedicine can be define as the design and manipulation of nanoparticles, particularly as applied to the medical diagnosis and treatment of disease. Examples of recent nanomedical developments include the use of nanoparticles with antibacterial properties in infirmary equipment and the development of magnetic nanoparticles being use to target disease, reducing the necessity of surgery and the associated risks. A further innovation in nanomedicine has been manufacturing d rugs as nanoparticles as they are thought to be absorbed more easily into the physical bodily structure because of their size. It could offer easier methods of locating and targeting specific cells on a nano? size level, on an atomic scale, and delivering drugs to these cells.This is ingenuous because often very powerful drugs are needed to kill mutated cells such as neoplasm cells, and these drugs would be hazardous if they came into contact with normal exploiting cells (Mohd & Jeffery, 2007). 2. 1 Nanotechnology preventive draw near In general, the best way to eliminate a problem is to eliminate the cause. In cancer, the problem can be perceived otherwise at various stages of the disease. Most apparently, if genetic mutations are the underlying cause, then we must counteract the causes of the mutations.Unfortunately, genetic mutations are caused by artificial or inborn carcinogens only some of the time. At other times, they may occur spontaneously during DNA replication and cell division. With present science and technology there is very little we can do to prevent this from happening. However, in all other cases, eliminating the carcinogens is then a highly effective way of cancer prevention. But most patients do not recognise the problem until it has actually occurred, which makes preventive medicine a rarely utilised, although a highly effective form of cancer prevention.Even so, is there a way to eliminate cancer through nanotechnology before it starts? Although there is little current research on preventive treatments using nanotechnology, they are indeed possible. After a careful review of the most advanced disease-time nanoscale treatment methods, one can easily see why the proposed nanotechnology alternatives to current preventive treatments have so strongly attracted the attention of the scientific and medical communities in recent years. In fact, nanotechnology-based treatments are no more challenging to devise than the currently used disea se-time treatment methods.Nonetheless, it requires time and monetary investments to develop such treatment methods in short time. (Greider and Blackburn, 1996). 2. 2 Method of Disease Diagnosis using nanotechnology 1. Diagnosis and resourcefulness Nanobiotech scientists have successfull produced microchips that are coated with human molecules. The chip is designed to emit an electrical impulse signal when the molecules detect signs of a disease. Special sensor nanobots can be inserted into the blood under the skin where they check blood contents and warn of any possible diseases.They can also be used to monitor the sugar level in the blood. Advantages of using such nanobots are that they are very cheap to produce and easily port suitable. (Harry, 2005) 2. Quantum dots Quantum dots are nanomaterials that glow very brightly when illuminated by ultraviolet light. They can be coated with a material that makes the dots attach specifically to the molecule they want to track. Quantum dot s bind themselves to proteins preposterous to cancer cells, literally bringing tumors to light. (Weiss, 2005). 2. 3 Application of Nanotech in Drug Delivery SystemNanobots are robots that carry out a very specific function and are just several nanometers wide. They can be used very effectively for drug delivery. Normally, drugs work through the entire body before they slip by the disease-affected area. Using nanotechnology, the drug can be targeted to a precise location which would make the drug much more effective and reduce the chances of possible side-effects (Perkel, 2004). The drug carriers have walls that are just 5-10 atoms thick and the inner drug-filled cell is usually 50-100 nanometers wide. When they detect signs of the disease, thin ires in their walls emit an electrical pulse which causes the walls to dissolve and the drug to be released. Aston Vicki, manager of BioSante Pharmaceuticals, says Putting drugs into nanostructures increases the solubility quite substantial ly. (Harry, 2005) 2. 4 Nanotechnology come neares for cancerous cell destruction Preventive treatments are not much redeeming(prenominal) to those who have already developed the disease. And since these are the people who require the most immediate medical help, it is no wonder that a majority of innovative treatments are focused here.Again, there are several ways to view the problem. The traditional approach is to simply eliminate the causing agents, or the cells that make up the tumour and end their pararcine signalling effect. This method actually dates back to the mid-17th century, when John Hunter, a Scottish surgeon first suggested the surgical removal of the tumour (Denmeade and Isaacs, 2002). Of course, we have made great progress in the last 350 years, but the idea remains the same. If we see the cancerous cells of the tumour as the causing agents of the disease, then the obvious strategy is to crawfish or to destroy them.The most significant recent breakthroughs have b een made in this area. A relatively long-standing strategy dating back to the 1950s is to outflow the body with substances that are especially toxic to tumour cells. Unfortunately, tumour cells are not dissimilar enough from healthy cells to distinguish one from the other using such large-scale techniques. A drug that is especially toxic to tumour cells is usually also toxic to healthy cells, and simply flooding the entire body with it causes system-wide damage and serious side effects.Almost everyone has heard of or seen chemotherapy patients who have lost their hair, lost significant weight, or developed other serious disorders (Silva, 2004). 2. 5 physical science and Engineering Concepts in Cancer Treatment Aside from destroying cells directly, we can take a more elegant approach to tumour elimination. Massand energy balance are well understood and are widely used in all types of science and engineering. Furthermore, these concepts are quite general, and can be applied to other fields as well, such as medicine.The general conventions of mass balance, energy conservation and entropy production are applicable to bio systems as well as industrial processes. Thus, we can define the malignant tumour as our bio system and proceed to investigate the mass, energy and entropy inputs, outputs and accumulations. (Mansoori et al. , 2007). Since our ultimate goal is to destroy the tumour, we realise that this can be achieved by limiting or eliminating the inputs of the needed nutrients and the useful energy that are vital to its growth and survival.Likewise, we can limit the outputs, which are necessary for the tumour cells to get rid of toxic waste products that are left all over from the multitude of biochemical reactions continuously taking place. Furthermore, basic anatomy and biology disunite us that cells within the human body get a vast majority of their nutrients and energy from the bloodstream, and likewise use the bloodstream to eliminate the toxins. Cell s that are cut off from circulation quickly undergo necrosis and are effectively eliminated. Therefore, our goal is to separate the tumour from the circulation in order to kill it.Numerous studies have explored the possibility of insulate cancer tumours from the bloodstream. (Reynolds et al. , 2003). 2. 6 Tissue Reconstruction Nanoparticles can be designed with a structure very similar to the bone structure. An ultrasound is performed on exist bone structures and then bone-like nanoparticles are created using the results of the ultrasound, the bone-like nanoparticles are inserted into the body in a paste form. When they arrive at the fractured bone, they assemble themselves to form an ordered structure which later becomes part of the bone (Adhikari, 2005). 3. 0 MethodologyThis research work shall use the following methods or approaches to achieve its aim and objectives Top down technique The glide by down technique begins with taking a macroscopic material (the finished product ) and then incorporating smaller scale details into them. The molecules are rearranged to get the desired property. This approach is still under immense research as many of the devices used to operate at nanolevel are still being developed. Bottom up approach The bottom up approach begins by designing and synthesizing custom made molecules that have the ability to self- echo.These molecules are then organized into higher macro-scale structures. The molecules self replicate upon the change in specific physical or chemical property that triggers the self replication. This can be a change in temperature, pressure, application of electrical energy or a chemical. The self replication of molecule has to be carefully controlled so it does not go out of hand. 4. 0 Expected Contribution of the prune to Knowledge Though, nanotechnology is still in its early stage, but it is of worthy note to know that it has began to gain application as it is already helping patients all over the world to day.As further research continues in this field, more treatments will be discovered. Many diseases that do not have cures today may be senior by nanotechnology in the future. As part of contribution to knowledge, the result that shall be established in this research work may be useful in the development of indigenous methods and model on the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of cancer. 5. 0 Conclusion Prevention, diagnosis and treatment of cancer have always been a terrible medical challenge. In fact, cancer has long been considered an incurable disease and it is grouped with Hepatitis C and AIDS.Throughout the bulk of human history, cancer tended to be fatal in those who were roofless to develop it. Cancer will continue to be a big problem since it is a disease related mostly to age. As our population come age increases due to medical advances, cancer will be a major disease of the aging. At the end of this research work, we may have been able to develop and design a model th at will effectively be used to diagnose the disease of cacer, proffer measures and techniques on how it can be prevented and treated.Also, the principle surrounding the mechanism of how a better drug delivery system with minimal side effects concerning the cure of cancer must have been fully explored. All these will be tried and tested using our own indigenous nanotechnology in the area of genetic engineering which promises a brighter future in the field of medicine leading to the actualization of the objective of this research work. REFERENCES Greider, C. W. and Blackburn, E. H. (1996). Telomeres, telomerase and cancer, Scientific American, Vol. 274, pp. 8085. Mohd A. K and Jeffery J. (2007). Nanotechnology Application in medicine and possible side effects.Denmeade, S. R. and Isaacs, J. T. (2002). A history of prostate cancer treatment, Nature Rev. Cancer, Vol. 2, pp. 389396. Reynolds, A. R. , Moghimi, S. M. and Hodivala-Dilke, K. (2003) Nanoparticle-mediated gene delivery to tumor neovasculature, Trends in Molecular Medicine, Vol. 9, No. 11, pp. 24. Mansoori, G. A Pirooz, M Percival, M Siavash, J. (2007). Nanotechnology in Cancer Prevention, Detection and Treatment World Review of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development, Vol 4. Adhikari, R. (2005). Nanobiotechnology Will It Deliver? Healthcare Purchasing News. pg 1-3.

Strategic Audit Report of Apple

apex pic CHAPTER ONE Introduction Part 1. Background of disc over To increase the practical companionship by imple handsting theoretical issueledge by dint of the internship program that would irritate a student to become a competitive with the outside terra firma. That program non only increases the knowledge entirely withal give the predilection or so organizational activities onward entering into an organization. STATE University OF BANGLADESH is whiz of the reputed private university in Bangladesh, has externalizeed the curriculum of BBA blood descent such way that multinational graduates all(a)ow be produced.After competing 120 credits, one student need to go for further 4 credit internship programs in a commercial organization. From this internship program students get the opportunity to learn facing the real business world. My faculty supervisor Kazi Atif Anwar, approved the expireic and actual me to congeal this report as partitioning of the fulfillment of internship requirement. The report thus was titled as summary of Consumer satisfaction of point Adelchi footgear Ltd 1. 2. Rationale of the study The business world is getting dynamic and competitive day by day.It is hard for an organization to stomach & even survive in a fast paced, exploitation and uncertain world if it scum bag non forbid hang backs with the go of business dynamism. Business plays and links of import roles in developing the deliverance of a country. So, as a business graduate, I echo I need to be attached with either organization to get a handy & versatile experience about the business world before starting our career. Internship is the arrangement, which makes a bridge between our academic knowledge and practical world to have an acquaintance with the real business world as strong as to gear me up to lead the future competitive business.I have worked in the Marketing division of superlative Adelchi footgear check, head office, Gulshan-1, Dhaka . In this report, I will try to make an overall consumer analysis of AAFL. 1. 3 Objectives of the report General Objective ? The particular objective of this report is to explore of consumer analysis of crest Adelchi Footwear Ltd. Secondary Objective ? To show an overview of the company(vision, foreign mission, rate, crop offerings, associates companies) ? To present an overview of surgical incision of Gallerie visor. ? To present an overview of footwear industry, economic condition of Bangladesh & worldwide. 1. 4 MethodologyWhile conducting the report, sources were explored for primary reading and selective information. But hardly any up designationd data could be found. In the absence of updated information or data dependence on secondary has been inevitable. However, wherever possibly primary data has been used. data were also collected by interviewing the responsible incumbents and from around documents & statements printed by the eyeshade and the website of AAFL. T here have been used somewhat(prenominal) statistical in any casels (Microsoft Office Excel table) and graphical representation (Microsoft Office Excel chart) to find out incompatible types of analytical receptions and interpretations. . 4. 1 Primary Data battle array Primary data ? Practical desk work. ? Face to face conversation with the officers and clients. ? Face to face conversation with the consumer ? Data collection of own supervision. 1. 4. 2 Secondary Data Collection Secondary Data ? Annual report of AAFL. ? Official files and folders. ? Working papers. ? Selected books. ? Published and unpublished documents. ? Website. 1. 5 Limitations of the Study As I did my internship program in Apex Adelchi Footwear throttle & I worked in the Marketing Department so my report is luxurianty based on the consumer satisfaction analysis of the company.But to prepare this report I faced little difficulties through I have also got some limitation which are ? The depression limitati on is that I failed to subject the complete picture of the Apex activities at the conclusion of my internship programmed. So I tried my best to focus on what I have through with(p) and also tried to make it consistent with separate part of the report. ? The second limitation is the lack of intellectual thought and analytical ability to make in a perfect one. I have to offset with quality due to time constraint, which apparently seems to be the most severe limitation. Sufficient records & publications as well as up to date information are not readily available. ? Another limitation of this report is that the companys policy of not to disclose some data & information for obvious reason, which could be a good deal more useful. 1. 6 Scope of the Study The report commences with the analysis of the footwear industry, company in focus, presenting the mission & vision, the values & product, description of 8 associates companies, Market related issues are discussed in detail along with their results and possibilities.In this report consumer analysis has been discussed detailed as a result the management flowerpot take decisions regarding modifying their plans for give more facility for the consumer. pic CHAPTER TWO federation Analysis 2. 1. Historical Background Apex Adelchi Footwear Limited (AAFL) is a preeminent trade in-oriented welt footwear manufacturer in Bangladesh. It is the enormousst exporter of leather footwear from Bangladesh. Currently holding the second position, the company is also one of the fastest growing footwear companies in the local anaesthetic market.Despite the effects of planetary economic turmoil and scarcity of primitive hide due to natural disasters, the company has performed well in the last couple of eld. Bangladesh to major enclothe retailers in westward Europe, North America and Japan. AAFL was in bodilyd on January 04, 1990. In the same year it went into commercial merchandise with an installed capacity of 1000 pairs per day and 350 employees. Today the company is producing 15000 pairs of plaza per day, employing over 7,500 people in two factories. Apex Adelchi has quickly established itself as one of the most recognizable brand names in the footwear market of Bangladesh.The exports by Apex Adelchi accounts for 45% of the centre footwear exports from Bangladesh. With 6% of market share in local market, they are behind only to Bata raiment, which holds 22% of market share. Because of their superior quality compared to that of Bata, Apex Adelchis products have given the local market a really unassailable alternative to Bata. Although the company remains a predominantly export-oriented company, they have also taken the local market very seriously, which may prove to be decisive in the long run. AAFL Company has exported more than 3. million pairs of enclothe to Europe, Japan and USA per annum. Their earning was more than 4,000 million euros from export. They have concentrated mainly on the export market. These export market comp demonstrates them more than 90% of their gross sales. They also have a growing local market for their products. Their local products were sold through a chain of retail shoe outlets in Bangladesh by the name of Gallerie Apex. Gallerie Apex has recently launched genuine Disney branded footwear through its stores to cater to the kids segment.AAFL is committed to productivity and quality growth to attain its objective of being a leading footwear manufacturer of Asia through its mission of Honest Growth. 2. 2 Company Profile Name of the Company Apex Adelchi Footwear Limited. Date of Commencement of Business as Apex Footwear Limited January 4 1990. Name depart to Apex Adelchi Footwear Limited December 27, 2006. Type of Company Public Limited Company BOARD OF DIRECTORS Syed Manzur Elahi Chairman Syed Nasim Manzur Managing handler Munize Manzur Khasru DirectorSyed Gias Hussain Director Niaz Ahmed ChoudhuryDirector Adelchi Sergio Director Sa mson H. Chowdhury Independent Director D. MANAGEMENT TEAM Syed Nasim Manzur Managing Director Syed Gias Hussain Deputy Managing Director & CFO Abdul Momen Bhuiyan Executive Director A. A. Mosaddeque Executive Director Dilip Kajuri Financial command S. M. Shahjahan Company Secretary Pradip Kanti Saha General Manager Atiqul Islam General Manager (Leather) Syed Md. Mustaque General Manager (Factory)Md. Mominul Ahsan Head of Human imaginations 2. 3Associates Companies ? Apex Tannery Limited. ? Adelchi Footwear Bangladesh Limited. ? Apex Pharma Limited. ? greyness Advertising Bangladesh Limited. ? Quantum Marketing Research BD Limited. ? Mutual corporate trust Bank limited. ? Pioneer Insurance Company Limited. ? Gallerie Apex pic 2. 3. 1 Apex Tannery Limited A leading manufacturer and exporter of finished and crust leather from Bangladesh to major products manufacturers in China, Japan and Italy. (apexadelchi. om, 2010)The company has yearly export revenues of USD 37 million in 2006- 2007, comprising almost 15% of the occur export earnings from leather of Bangladesh. (apexadelchi. com, 2010)ATL pioneered the export of value added crust and finished leather from Bangladesh and accessed capital markets for growth. (apexadelchi. com, 2010)ATL introduced the first convertible debenture in Bangladesh and has been publically traded since 1986. (apexadelchi. com, 2010)ATL currently employs 955 persons, is professionally managed and is in full residence Report under Section 2CC of the Securities & Exchange Commission Notification Order.ATL is also the first tannery in Bangladesh. (apexadelchi. com, 2010) pic 2. 3. 1 Adelchi Footwear Bangladesh Limited. It is a leading manufacturer and exporter of leather footwear from Bangladesh to major shoe retailers in Western Europe, North America and Japan. (apexadelchi. com, 2010)The company has revenues of 444 crore taka in 2007. (apexadelchi. com, 2010)AAFL pioneered the export of value added finished products export in the l eather sector of Bangladesh and is also involved in the local footwear retail business with the second largest shoe retail network in the country. apexadelchi. com, 2010)AAFL has equity, technical and marketing participation from La Nuova Adelchi one of the largest footwear manufacturers of Italy. (apexadelchi. com, 2010)Public listed and traded since 1993, AAFL is professionally managed, currently employs more than 6800 persons and is in full compliance with Corporate Governance Compliance Report under Section 2CC of the Securities Exchange Commission Notification Order. (apexadelchi. com, 2010) pic2. 3. 3 Apex Pharma LimitedOne of the fastest growing, ISO 9001-2000 certified innovative contemporaries pharmaceutical manufacturing and distribution companies in Bangladesh. (apexadelchi. com, 2010)APL started its operation in 2002, currently employs 1300 persons and markets 126 dosage forms from its Saver plant. (apexadelchi. com, 2010)The companys growth in 2006 was 65% against ind ustry growth of 6% according to IMS. (apexadelchi. com, 2010)The company is in the process of setting up a bare-ass-fangled state-of-art manufacturing plant which completed in 2009. (apexadelchi. com, 2010) pic2. 3. 4 Grey Advertising Bangladesh Limited. The first joint venture international full service advertising agency to set up in Bangladesh, GABL is today the largest stand alone agency in Bangladesh with billings of USD 6 million in 2006. (apexadelchi. com, 2010)GABL is a market leader with a dynamic team of young and talented professionals and has won an unprecedented 4 years in a row (2003-2007) the Agency of the year Award, at the Srijan Samman Awards for all Bengali advertising work done in India and Bangladesh. (apexadelchi. om, 2010)In additional work done for its local as well as multinational corporate has won innumerable local and international Awards and accolades. GABL is a member of the Grey Group owned by WPP. (apexadelchi. com, 2010) pic 2. 3. 5 Quantum Market Research BD Limited. Quantum Market Research Bangladesh Limited (QMRBL), a joint venture between Quantum Market Research Private Ltd of India and Apex Enterprises Ltd a Bangladeshi company, is the leading specialized qualitative market look agency in Bangladesh which provides research services to multinational and local manufacturers and service providers in and outside Bangladesh. apexadelchi. com, 2010)Its strong strategic link with its parent company Quantum Market Research Private Ltd, India (Operating in the randomness Asian and Asia-Pacific Region) has also facilitated effective and unremitting knowledge transfer at a sub-continent, regional and global level. (apexadelchi. com, 2010)Besides market research, QMRBL also provides effective service in qualitative social & development research to a number of local organizations and development partners. (apexadelchi. om, 2010)Since its inception in June 2004, QMRBL has conducted 284 studies in the areas of consumer psyche, bra nd development, communion, human resources development, social and organizational development and production practices. (apexadelchi. com, 2010)QMRBL employs 14 in force(p) researchers and 5 supporting staff as permanent employees along with 75 field staff who work on a contract- bag. (apexadelchi. com, 2010) pic 2. 3. 6 Mutual Trust Bank Limited A Third Generation (License) Commercial Bank sponsored by Square, ACI and Apex which is the largest and most reputed businesses in Bangladesh. apexadelchi. com, 2010)MTBL today enjoys some of the highest credit ratings in the industry. (apexadelchi. com, 2010)Publicly listed, traded and professionally managed, MTBL is a market leader amongst financial institutions of Bangladesh and now this bank is very much renowned. (apexadelchi. com, 2010)This bank plays the most important role in the economy by collecting money from the individuals and lends them to others. (apexadelchi. com, 2010)Now banks offer the widest range of financial services and perform lot of financial functions.It has many branches all over the country. (apexadelchi. com, 2010) pic 2. 3. 7 Pioneer Insurance Company Limited. PICL is a general insurance company offering a wide range of non-life insurance products to retail and corporate nodes in Bangladesh. (apexadelchi. com, 2010)This company is sponsored by Square, ACI and Apex which is the largest and most reputed businesses in Bangladesh. (apexadelchi. com, 2010)PICL has established itself as one of the most respected players in the industry. apexadelchi. com, 2010)Publicly listed, traded and professionally managed, PICL enjoys 90th shareile rankings in a very crowded space of over 40 companies. (apexadelchi. com, 2010) pic 2. 3. 8 Gallerie Apex Gallerie Apex is the local manufacturing and retail wing of Apex Adelchi Footwear Limited (AAFL). While AAFL has predominantly earned both critical and commercial fame through export of high quality leather footwear in the international arena, Gallerie A pex has sought to adeptly make use of that xpertise to provide high quality, deviseable footwear to the Bangladeshi consumers. With over 140 own retail outlets and 150 authorized re vendors, Gallerie Apex hears nationwide coverage of its diverse range of footwear for its consumers. Through its eight in-house brands, namely Venturini, Apex Mens, Sprint, Lotto, Moochie, Nino Rossi, Sandra Rosa, Revive and Twinkler, Gallerie Apex carries a large selection of shoes and sandals, ensuring that each of our valued customer finds the footwear that is just right for them. Product category MEN WOMEN CHILDREN OTHERS Casual shoe Boot Shoe Shocks Dress shoe Long boot Sandel Shoe care product Sendel School shoe Hand purse Converse Beg Belt pic 2. 4 Mission & vision VISION Honest Growth MISSION To ensure sustainable growth To be a vendor of choice for our customers To create value for our shareholders To be proactively compliant with global best practices & standards To be a responsi ble corporate citizen 2. 5 Values ( Respect for people Demonstrate respect by developing our people and helping them to achieve high doing standards. Treat all people with dignity. ( Integrity Honesty Walk the talk. Sense of Urgency pass for speed and simplicity in eachthing we do. ( Empowerment Encourage and reward self-confidence and initiative Require accountability 2. 6 Future Apex Adelchi Footwear Limited has regained their focus on productivity and they have been forced to reassess their business model. (Apex annual report, 2009) They have made efficiency a byword, starting from wastage of materials to improving line wise productivity and this focus will remain. (Apex annual report, 2009) They have sought out and developed new and better sources of raw materials they have identified new markets and segments where they have huge potential for growth. Apex annual report, 2009) They have also actively begun the process of reducing their financial expenses by exploring n ew innovative patronage options. (Apex annual report, 2009) On the domestic front they are reinforcing their retail format with new formats in the full-pagesale space. (Apex annual report, 2009) They have launched several very large format stores which are generating good returns and also begun a phased renovation of older stores. (Apex annual report, 2009) They will continue to refresh and renew their product range to ensure that they deliver on their promise to maximize customer delight and choice. (Apex annual report, 2009) As the global markets emerge slowly, from recession they are ready to take full advantage of the new opportunities that emerge. Apex annual report, 2009) The power situation in Bangladesh has already reached crisis proportions and Apex Adelchi Footwear Limited averaged more than 7 hours of load throw away per day in March 2010. (Apex annual report, 2009) Adelchi Footwear Limited is equipped with sufficient diesel standby generators but they are not designed to run for such long hours at a stretch and the wear and tear and operating costs are very high. (Apex annual report, 2009) This is a serious affright to their ability to meet their production targets and operate their plant optimally and profitably. (Apex annual report, 2009) They must now actively explore immediate power solutions the exchangeable transmutation to alternative energy sources such as HSFO based captive power generation. Apex annual report, 2009) The global shift towards green sourcing is a reality and it has already started in the footwear industry. (Apex annual report, 2009) Today their entire supply chain must be environmental sustainable and obviously the present tannery industry in Hazaribagh is unable to meet these standards. (Apex annual report, 2009) They must start to plan for an alternative production source of environmentally friendly finished leather from raw hides that can meet global standards. (Apex annual report, 2009) The global footwear market is forecasted to reach USD 272. 5 billion by 2013 and Europe is the single largest market accounting for 42. 3 percent of global value. Apex annual report, 2009) Bangladesh enjoys preferential access to this market, has a competitive and young labor force and is blessed with a domestic raw material advantage in equipment casualty of locally available hides and skins. (Apex annual report, 2009) Apex Adelchi Footwear Limited must now turn its focus on maximizing these strengths and ensuring that they are prepared to meet the new challenges of power supply, developing capability and offering all of a suddener lead times to market. (Apex annual market as a forerunner in this industry in Bangladesh but they must now redouble their pace to maintain their leadership position and achieve their goal of global standards of excellence. (Apex annual report, 2009) 2. 7 ProductSince the beginning of the retailing business, in 1990, AAFL received a remarkable response from the local market whic h motivated the company to expand over the years. Today, the company offers the local consumers of Bangladesh a much wider range of products than before. Most of the products that are offered in the local market by AAFL are relatively different from the ones that are exported, especially in terms of design and material. The reason behind this is the different climate, culture and the invite of the consumers of local and foreign markets. For example, AAFL exports products like ladies boots which are not available in the local market because the boots do not complement with neither the clothes that most of the ladies wear nor the culture of the country.So, AAFL offers ladies open sandal to meet the demand of the local market which, on the other hand is not exported as it would not satisfy the taste of foreign consumers. Thus, the product development unit of AAFL is always operative to develop products based on the needs and wants of the local consumers. In the local market AAFL is mainly known for mens footwear and sandals but recently the company has extended the product range with ladies and kids products. The table above agnizely shows that the emphasis is more on the of mens products than the ladies and children products. However, recently AAFL launched genuine Disney branded footwear through the retail stores to furnish to the kids segment.Disney provided the license to AAFL to launch footwear for children designed with for instance the Disney characters like Pooh bear, Mickey Mouse, etc. According to mens shoes, there are trine products brand like Venturing, Apex and Sprint are roughhewn and ladies sandals Sandra Rosa, Nino Rossi and Apex are common. Mens shoes size starts from 39-44 and sandal size starts from 35-41. There have different row to display particular brand product like shoes, sandals, socks, kids sandals etc. bell of mens shoes starts from 1250Tk-5500Tk, sandals 400Tk-1950Tk, ladies sandals 380Tk-2250Tk, comfort socks 150Tk-250Tk. Pric e of leather Goods is 600Tk. Components of Manufacturing Shoes There are some components necessitate for making a pair of shoes.These components nibble with each other step by step. The manufacturing procedure depends on some components which need to make a pair of shoes. UPPER Upper is the main part of shoes. This pep pill made by leather, synthetic, fabric, rubber. In focal ratio side different components or parts of leather are combined by sew together this stitch is various types like lock stitch, chain stitch, jhik jhak stitch, heavy stitch and moccasin. LINIING This is the inside part of f number, it can be also leather, synthetic, fabrics (depends on shoe design). SOCK sleep with is to comfort the inner part of shoes. It can be synthetic, foam. IN-SOLE This in-sole rund at upper side of sole.It can be leather board, cellulose board, fiber board, Ethyl vinyl radical Acetate (EVA). SOLE It stands the lower part of shoes to adjust upper body. It can be rubber, leather bo ard and wood, PU (Poly Uri thane), Thermo Plastic Rubber (TPR) and Poly vinyl radical Chloride (PVC). HILL Hill is to balance the body of shoes and it can be rubber, wood. ADHESIVE This is a gum which can use with sole to fit the upper side of shoes. There are different types of adhesives like 2. 8 SWOT Analysis of Apex Adelchi Footwear Limited Strengths AAFL has advanced machines and skilled manpower which make it possible to produce high quality footwear. As a SBU of Apex group, it also has good financial backup.As a partner company of Adelchi, Apex gets product designs from them which make it possible for them to follow Italian fashion trend. They have renowned brand image in the footwear market. Weakness AAFL? s product outlay is comparatively high. On the other hand, their ladies and kids footwear brands are not that much strong. Furthermore, they have to depend on foreign suppliers for raw materials and design support. Opportunities The quality of the leather available in Ban gladesh is really very good. Furthermore, here labor cost is low which makes it possible to produce the products more cheaply. On the other hand, young generation is now more fashion oriented and brand conscious.Threats Consumers are now more worths sensitive day by day. Furthermore, most of the raw materials are not locally available. Beside this, leather price is increasing day by day due to high demand. Production is also hampering due to electricity crisis CHAPTER THREE Departments of Gallerie Apex 3. 1 Operating functions of Gallerie Apex Operating functions of Gallerie Apex (GAPX) is more effective according to the vision of this company. Whole process of GAPX operates a functional team on the demand of whole marketing process. These surgical incisions are shown as below ? Human election Division. ? Product Development. ? Marketing Department. ? sales Department. MIS Department. ? marketing Department. ? Supply kitchen stove Department. ? Accounts Section. 3. 2Human Resou rce Division This division always monitors the facilities of employees and to check problems. There are some activities that HR discussion section also do for the employees of Gallerie Apex like ( Human Resource Planning ( Recruitment and selection ( Compensation and Benefit ( Accommodation ( Health and safety ( Employee and worker relation ( Training and development ( Motivation ( Maintenance all(prenominal) manager and employees of every company wants a healthy and safe work environment. This environment is one of the more challenging areas for HR plane section.This department of Gallerie Apex provides level best safety and healthy environment under their activities. 3. 3 Product Development and Market Consultant This product development team starts a new selling wing of Gallerie Apex. This section called Design Studio. This is the new innovation of product development, creates new design of shoes for new generation and analyzes the market in a short time. In design studio th e swing machine is for the upper stretching of leather & scaling machine makes the leather thin. Leather quality is very good & it imports from Pakistan, Italy & Apex own tannery. (Through this studio the research can done very frequently & positive way.Behind this activity design studio operates some other kit and caboodle for Gallerie Apex like ( Design & Technical Support ( To standardize the component of product ( Try to decrease the price of product ( Market Trend Analysis ( Find out the competitors ( Short Time research ( To collect the best quality shoe component ( To check the quality of finished goods ( Delivering 3. 4 gross revenue Department Always keeps monitoring the sale condition of all galleries. Assistant General Manager (AGM)-Sales and Manager-Sales always monitor the new suitable market place which can be profitable business for Gallerie Apex. Under this sales department there have strong monitoring team called ASE ( field Sales Executive).They are working at zon al basis like Dhaka North,Dhaka Central, Dhaka South, Chittagong, Sylhet, Rajshahi and Khulna 3. 5 Management and breeding It is a set of interrelated components that collect, process, store and distribute information to support decision making A computer information system based on 6 components such as, ( Hardware ( Software ( Data/ teaching ( Procedure ( Communication ( People There have some role of MIS which is necessary for all business and this department of Gallerie Apex also whole works in this point ( Improved communication system ( Data management and faster decision making ( Online data access ( Systematic management and information MIS department of Gallerie Apex is much established according to their job work.This department collects sale report on entire galleries and input the database which should be daily, weekly and monthly basis. This department input the data of daily sale information like, ( Actual sale amount ( Number of sold pair goods. ( Sold pair of shoes 3. 6Marketing Department According to marketing concept, this department of Gallerie Apex holds the key to achieve its organizational goal consists of the company being more effective than other competitors in skill, delivering and communication superior customer value to its chosen target market. Marketing department evaluate the present footwear market condition. ) Marketing team also research how Apex brand can be established through utilize 4Ps concept in the market. Gallerie Apex has a reputation in market place, so marketing department should take some initial steps for the modification or more development of this present image. There are some works that marketing department always do 1. Training and Development- Training for store manager, for sales man, for Area Sales Executive (ASE). 2. Merchandise Analysis- Marketing department analyzes the merchandise procedure. Marketing department also checks the market demand of some selected articles, monitors the sale review, check s the best sale of product, which article should be more running. 3. Merchandise Action- Is there any problem come to mind about in store merchandising, then marketing department takes initiative of that step. 4.Market Research- Marketing Department also works about the research of footwear market. If there any scopes that can be applied for the development of product and market, this department also investigate that. Brand Development, a brand is an art of corner store of marketing It is a name, term, sign and symbol or combination of them intended to identify the goods or services of one seller and to differentiate them from those of competitors. Marketing department also works to enlarge this brand. Corporate Branding, This marketing department of Gallerie Apex also works about corporate stigmatisation policy. Here some activities that has plan of this department is like ( Vehicle Branding ( Hording sign Social Events ( Corporate Branding umbrella ( Shoe related fashion show ( Ad vertising In order for publicity of any particular sales promotion or any new seasonal offer, marketing department of Gallerie Apex uses some advertising media. (Abrour) These are as follows, ( TVC ( RDC ( Press Ad 3. 7 Functions & Responsibilities of supply chain Supply chain department distributes product in whole galleries all over the country. After issuing the purchase order & manufacturing of product, supply chain work begins. First product goes to Central Distribution core group (CDC) with bills, delivery Chelan & VAT paper. Product comes from factory, source and import.At CDC they check the products quality, box, article no, with flavour Control report and afterward that official formalities they receive product. The invoice will be 2-copies at the time of receiving goods from Shafipur Shoe Limited (factory). ( 1copy will go on Supply Chain Department ( 1copy will go on Merchandising Department At the time of supply from CDC to galleries, they make 3 copies of invoice. ( 1 copy for Supply Chain Department ( 1 copy for Management Information System Department ( 1 copy for Gallerie At the period of outsource suppliers, they also provide 4 copies of supply invoice. This copy goes to four particular sections like ( Merchandising department Supply chain department ( Accounts department and ( CDC record At the time of Bill submission, they attach supply invoice (Chelan). Supply Chain Department has some responsibilities also. They have to consider what kind of product will go which galleries. It depends on volume of sale, customer category & position of market & sales some(prenominal)times they have to check the sale condition of galleries and also stock of shoes. According to distribution of goods they apply transport facilities or rent car or curia service. In fact CDC has own car but it can use only for Dhaka North zone, Dhaka central zone and Dhaka South Zone. 3. 8 Merchandising Procurement ProcedureAccording to this procedure, there are two basic s ources of production can provide the finished products ( Shafipur Shoe Limited (own factory) ( Supply sources The Shafipur Shoe Limited is the main factory of Gallerie Apex. It produces goods according to given requirement. The components like upper, insole and outsole has collected from Shiva Footwear Ltd. Design studio of Gallerie Apex produces only sandals with limited quantity. Gallerie Apex has some supply sources which make goods. These sources make goods according to given design or requirements of Gallerie Apex. staple fiberally these supply sources make exertion between Gallerie Apex and their factories that, sole & other component they will provide and they make complete shoes.In the term of payment bill, they adjust their cost with total amount. Some names of supply sources are given below Hanif Shoes Century Shoes Popy Shoes Moochie Shoes Coaster Footwear Herald Shoes Classic Footwear Ryan Shoe Crown Leather Keya Sandal Home Land Nashanan Trade FN Enterpri se Prestige Bengal King Ston Bright Shine Mayhem Comfort Socks 3. 9 In-Process Quality Control The quality control process of Gallerie Apex is very much effective. To check the quality of finished goods it has a specification sheet to know the total information about finished product. This sheet has the serial number, color, material of goods & price.At 5th level of Gallerie Apex, Quality Control room is worked by the Quality Control officer of Design studio. The system is to check the 20% of product in a lot. 3. 10 Producer & practice of product pricing At the time of selecting price of product it should be careful that, gross margin must be minimum 40 %. )Buying price will always be fixed. In terms of adding VAT, amount will be 15%. To analyze the total cost sheet some necessary work has to be done. These are Article no garble Cost of materials Value Added Tax (VAT) essence cost (unit based) Retail price Profit margin (TK) Profit margin (%) Quantity order Total cost Tot al VAT (amount) Total cost value (amount) Total retail value Total margin (TK) After calculating VAT on retail price of product, total cost (unit based) can add. Profit margin is based on amount of retail price. Cost of material, information comes from own factory Shafipur Shoe Limited. There are two types of cost should be considered own cost & supply cost. According to supply cost there can be made another(prenominal) cost sheet include all cost of supply source. In order to make a price of product all department head discuss about design, durability, looks of product, customers choice & finally they fixed the price of product. Executive director is the head of this team. 3. 11 Basic Ideas on Store Display of Gallerie ApexGallerie Apex always plays a different style to attract the potential customer. Visual Merchandising is very important part in store to attract the customer Store Display gives an idea about the product feature such as variety, quality and size, color, design a nd trends. This display reminds the customers about their need and they attract to buy this product. It is an act of putting things for view or on view. I visited some galleries to take this display idea and I found some rules of display. This display can be dividing into 2 types. They are ( Interior Display ( Exterior Display Before a customer enters the store, the store must send a message that, store must be well decorated, clean and full of lighting.The display products are being square & clean. There is some display rules that I have noticed from galleries is that ( Have to show the outside of shoes ( Angle at 0degree & 90 degrees (same style) ( Group shoes consistently with a space between groups ( Display shoes should keep in abject size like 38/40. ( The display light should be top on display article According to Branding, there are generally 5 brands are common on Gallerie Apex. pic pic pic pic pic There are some rules about Brand Differentiation ( Each Brand should be di splayed separately ( Never should mix Venturini with Apex ( Never should mix Nino Rossi with Sandra Rosa Always keep the different Brand in a selected place According to ladies footwear, always have to display the flats on the bottom shelf & high heels on the top shelf. It will be better not display the Sandra Rosa with Nino Rossi. According to new arrival, new article should display on the right side after entrance with new arrival tag. In that part ladies and mens article can display separately. A. Brand for men footwear some common brand of Gallerie Apex. ( Venturini- Exclusive dress shoes targeted for upper middle segment. ( Apex- Leather footwear is for middle/ upper middle segment. ( Sprint- Sporty casual targeted for middle/upper middle segment. B.Brand for women footwear Gallerie Apex has also some ladies brand. ( Nino Rossi- Evening wears for middle/upper middle segment. ( Moochie- Designer collects for middle/upper segment. ( Sandra Rosa- Colorful for middle/ upper middle segment. C. Brand for kids Gallerie Apex has also some kids Items, (Apex- Under this brand some kids article is common. ( Disney-This is the ongoing brand. ( Twinkler This brand is totally new for Gallerie Apex which is going. CHAPTER FOUR Industry Analysis 4. 1 Bangladesh Footwear Industry analysis Export promotion bureau statistics show that footwear exports had 20 percent market rises during 2009July- 10 March fiscal year. (reportlinker. om, 2010) The country fetched 144. 69 million dollar from export of the item in nine months a sharp rise from 131. 52 million dollar in the July -March period. (reportlinker. com, 2010) Nowadays many countries like China and India are failing to produce high quality but low-cost leather items due to the WTO anti dumping rules. (reportlinker. com, 2010) So orders from Germany, Italy, France, Japan and Canada are shifting to the local manufactures. (reportlinker. com, 2010) Crushed leather is the main raw material for locally produced. (reportlink er. com, 2010) Earlier China, India and Vietnam are the largest shoe exporters in the world. (reportlinker. om, 2010) The demand for mod and high end leather shoes has decline in international markets because of the recession. (reportlinker. com, 2010) But it has also given rise to an opportunity for the county to produce shoes that are ordinary but essential. (reportlinker. com, 2010) The county started exporting leather footwear in 1994 on small outmatch to neighboring countries including India and Nepal. (reportlinker. com, 2010) The footwear business grew in recent years. (reportlinker. com, 2010) Currently the total market size of Bangladesh made leather footwear stands at tk1700 corer of which about 45 percent is exported. (reportlinker. om, 2010) The country exports around six million pairs of leather footwear a year. (reportlinker. com, 2010) Apex Adelchi Footwear Limited is the countrys leading footwear exporter claiming more than half of the total exports. (reportlinker. com, August 2010)The company earned taka 450 core last year. (reportlinker. com, 2010) Bangladesh mainly exports mens footwear, ladys sandals and sports shoes to European nations China, Canada, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Jordan, India and Nepal. (reportlinker. com, 2010) Mr. Syed Nasim Manzur, managing director of Apex Adelchi Footwear Ltd, said the recession has taken a toll on the demand for luxury fashion accessories. Apex annual report, 2009) The additional fall out of the global financial crisis on AAFL has been the adverse impact on the Euro & as the majority of our revenues are in Euros, the continued slue of the Euro and the reflection in the Taka versus Euro conversion rate has severely affected our taka revenues as seen above. (Apex annual report, 2009) The Bangladesh Taka has remained unchanged against the US$ in 2009 where the currencies of our competitor nations such as the Indian Rupee & Pakistan Rupee have been devalued repeatedly in 2009 in order to boost their export com petitiveness. (Apex annual report, 2009) Despite many pleas from exporters in Bangladesh, the governance of Bangladesh has not adjusted the Taka against the USD. Apex annual report, 2009 Apex Adelchi Footwear Limited started its business in December 27, 2006 in Bangladesh. AAFL has equity, technical and marketing participation from La Nuova Adelchi one of the largest footwear manufacturers of Italy. Since then there was demand for the products in the local markets. But the problem was the local market was too small to support their required profitability. On the other hand, they found a worldwide growth opportunity in the developed countries. It inspired them to set up their system in Western Europe, North America and Japan. Later on they also move towards the developing nations. They started focusing the country needs.Therefore, gradually they were becoming one of the second market leaders. They had total 280545 sq. ft factory area. The producing capacity of 15,000 pairs complete shoes per day. They came up with a wide range of products for different markets. They had large number of employees and 70% of their workers are female. Ultimately, the small market in the home country and the huge growth opportunity was the crucial force to move towards the international market. Hence, these are the IHRM variable for them which can be regarded as the structural factor. 4. 2 Production Facilities Cutting Department Covered Area 25,000 sft. Cutting Machines 104 no. s Cutting Capacity 15,000 Prs/dayCutting men 494+16 Persons Sewing Department Covered Area 78,000 sft. Sewing Line 16 lines x 2 shift Sewing Capacity 15,000 Prs/day Sewing Manpower 2550 +60 Persons permanent Department Covered Area 46,000 sft. Lasting Line 8 lines x 2 shift Lasting Capacity 15,000 Prs/day Lasting Manpower 1100+25Persons pic Component Department Covered Area 27,760 sft. Outsole workstation 42 nos Production Capacity 12,000 Prs/day Outsole Manpower 250+3 Persons innersole Prod. Capacity 15,000 Prs/day Insole Manpower 93+3 Packing Department Covered Area 21,000 sft. Manpower 37+7 Persons 4. 3. Summary of factory area Factory Area SL Section/Building Area in SFT. 01 Cutting 25000 02 Sewing 78000 03 Lasting 46000 04 Component 27000 05 Packing 21000 06 Store 32000 07 Leather Store 15000 Sub-Total 244000 08 Office 14300 09 Staff center of attention 8000 10 Worker Canteen 8500 11 Engineering workshop & Sub-station 5745 Sub-Total 36545 Total 280545 CHAPTER FIVE Job Description 5. 1 Nature of the job That My internship commenced on the date of my joining which was on February 01, 2011. My posting was at their Register Office, House 6, Road 137, Dhaka-1212. I have worked in the Marketing division of Apex Adelchi Footwear Limited. During my internship period, I had been giving my work report to Yashna chowdhury (Brand Manager of Marketing) everyday I did. 5. 2 Specific responsibilities of the job During my internship period, my responsibility was to record the daily survey data another responsibility was to what the customer wants.I had to record it in the survey sheet 5. 3 Different aspects of job performance During my internship period, my responsibility was to record the daily survey data another responsibility was to what the customer wants. I had to record it in the survey sheet. I worked this type of activities in marketing department because at the beginning in entry level position every officer does this type of activities. At first senior manager of marketing department checks the level/ability of every officer by giving this type of activities. When they perform well, they get another responsibility. 5. 4 Observations At the period of my internship in Gallerie Apex, I visited some galleries.Gallerie Farmgate is one of them. It denotes the whole activities that have to be done in each store of the Gallerie Apex. These are about ( Product Knowledge ( Sales Conduct ( POS (Point of Sale) ( Process of sales communicatio n ( Procedure of Goods receiving/Dispatch ( Cash Memo ( Sales Report (Daily) ( Sales Report (Weekly) ( Sales Report (monthly) ( Accounting ( Store Billing ( After Sales Service ( Visual Merchandising Farmgate Gulshan is A? category shop of Gallerie Apex. Total space is 1800sft and 6 employees are working there. node response is very much positive. This gallerie has verities collection of shoes for men and ladies.According to Mens shoes, there are three products brand like Venturini, Apex and Sprint are common and Ladies sandals Sandra Rosa, Nino Rossi and Apex are common. Mens shoes size starts from 39-44 and sandal size starts from 35-41. There have different row to display particular brand product like shoes, sandals, socks, kids sandals etc. Price of Mens shoes starts from 1250Tk-5500Tk, sandals 400Tk-1950Tk, and Ladies sandals 380Tk-2250Tk, Comfort socks 150Tk-250Tk. Price of Leather Goods is 600Tk. Point of Sale (POS) is some information? s about selling goods that have to fil l by manager at selling period. These are 1. Article code 7. Quantity 2. Name 8. Balance 3. Color 9. Unit price 4.Size 10. Discount% 5. Pair 11. Total Discount amount 6. Price I observed the sales communication between customer and sales person. How a sales person help a customer for purchasing a pair of shoes. A sales person gives information very courteously about selected products feature, leather quality, durability and components of manufacturing. CHAPTER SIX CONSUMER ANALYSIS 6. 1 Customer satisfaction The Customers are in the mainstream of sales oriented services. The success of such companies by and large depends on the satisfaction of the customers . The buyers are happy if the product and/or the services meet their expectations.If their requirements do not meet the expectations the buyers become discontented, they are delighted when the performance fulfils their requirements Customers past buying experiences, the opinion of friends, associates, marketer, competitor informa tion and promises lead to the expectations. Marketer must be careful to set the right level of expectations. If they set expectations too low, they may satisfy those who buy but fail to attract enough buyers. In contrast, if they raise expectations too high, buyers are likely to be disappointed. Dissatisfaction can turf out either from a decrease in product and service quality or from an increase in customer expectations. In either case, it presents an opportunity for companies that can deliver superior customer value and satisfaction To? ay most successful companies have taken the strategy of are raising expectations and delivering performance to match. Such companies track their customers expectations, perceived company performance, and customer satisfaction. Highly slaked customers produce several benefits for the company. Satisfied customers are fewer prices sensitive remain customers for a longer period and talk favorably to others about the company and its products and servic es Although the customer centered firm seeks to deliver high customer satisfaction relative to its competitors, it does not begin to maximize customer satisfaction. A company can always increase customer satisfaction by lowering its price and increasing its services, but it may result in lower profits.Thus, the purpose of marketing is to generate customer value profitably Now, we have a very good idea regarding the immensity of customer satisfaction. So, it is also important for the company to know about the satisfaction level of the customers. When any problem is identified, it becomes easier to solve the problem. The next part of this paper has focussed on the Customer Satisfaction Factors of. It is done through a research survey to find out the customer satisfaction level of Gallarie Apex Customer Satisfaction Factors of Gallarie Apex Gallerie Apex is the local manufacturing and retail wing of Apex Adelchi Footwear Limited (AAFL).While AAFL has predominantly earned both criti cal and commercial fame through export of high quality leather footwear in the international arena, Gallerie Apex has sought to adeptly make use of that expertise to provide high quality, fashionable footwear to the Bangladeshi consumers. 6. 2 Survey Findings In order to measure the satisfaction of the customers a series of questions were asked to the customers with the help of a questionnaire, the data from these questions are tabulated below. For clear understanding, the overall satisfaction has been divided into satisfaction with the product and satisfaction with the after sales service. As already mentioned, the survey was conducted among nine hundred consumers it was conducted in three way direct appointment, over telephone and with the help of email.I asked total twenty three closed end question to nine hundred consumers. In the basis of strongly agree to strongly disagree. From the total point and average point I divided in to three categoriesconsumers of satisfied subscriber s, and moderate subscribers and not satisfied subscribers. From the table we see that in some area from question 1 to 11 consumers are satisfied and in some area consumers are not satisfied also there are some areas where subscribers are moderate. In below I discuss all the questions finding elaborately 6. 2. 1 class A Q. 1 Here the question about the gender Male Female 224 96 70%male &30% female are response Q. 2. Here is a question about age. Under 18 18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 Above 65 6% 25% 40% 22% 6% 1% 4% pic I have found 40% customer age between 25-34. Q,3 Monthly Household Income Range Less than 20000-35000 35000-45000 45000-60000 60000-75000 75000-100000 Above 20000 100000 9% 23% 21% 31% 8% 3% 5% pic Here is 31% customer monthly income 45000-60000. Majority of them are service holder. 6. 2. 2 SECTION B Q1 Name 3 Footwear Companies Apex Bata Others 34% 63% 15% It means that 34% respondent first choice is apex. t means customer are not properly satisfied Q2.Shoes purchased respondents in last three month From Apex others 52% 48% pic In this graph show that 52% customer purchased shoe from apex at last three month. o apex has better position Than other. Q3 Price vs. Quality of APEX Fair valuable Dont know 38% 58% 3% pic In this table show that 58% customer say that price of galarie apex is valuable shoe they can look after their price Q 4. Price vs. quality of other store Fair Expensive Low Dont know 51% 39% 6% 4% pic There are 51% consumer say ocher store price are fair than apex. Q5 Purchase shoes over the internet Yes No 29% 71% pic 71% Consumer are not interested to porches product from internet. they say that this types of produc t they like to by from shop. 6. 2. 3 SECTION C Q 1. Other items willing to purchase beside shoe Shocks Wallet Hand purse Beg Belt Shoe care Other goose egg else 39% 3% 6% 11% 11% 9% 11% 16% pic There are 39% consumer like purchase shocks beside shoe. some other like to buy shoe care, hand purse, belt & other, Q2. What apex does best Price Fashion Quality Customer service Range of shoe 36% 13% 35%

Culturally Competent Paper Essay

IntroductionCultural competency business concern is borrowed from the founts of pagan competence in each other work or person-to-person environment. Cultural competence refers to the aspect of developing awargonness of the personal existence, thought, sensation as head as the environment, without letting this knowledge corroborate any form of influence on other peoples backgrounds, thoughts and opinions (Murphy, 2011). This content that one has to respect the cultural aspects of those around them, by accepting and appreciating their differences without any form of prejudice. When this element of cultural aw beness is introduced in the nursing field, cultural competence care thus give the gate be said to refer to the ability of the registered accommodate to offer highly specialized care, with complete knowledge and appreciation of the endurings cultural beliefs and attitudes in mind, with respect to disease, pain, ameliorate, diet, religion, communication and death among others (Douglas et al., 2014).Due to our society consisting of people from many diverse backgrounds, the registered retain is al expressions faced with new challenges as they meet and interact with uncomplainings from differing backgrounds (Taylor, 2011). The most key aspect of wellness care auction pitch that is centered on the patient is that the draw needs to respect the decision of the patient (Douglas et al., 2011). This aspect is due to the fact that, the patients are supposed to be interconnected in every other decision that the nurse and other members of the health care aggroup overhear to make over the life and treatment of the patient. With close reference to the aspect of cultural differences, there are patients that go forth be particularly wakeful of their cultural beliefs and in most of the cases will want these beliefs to be respected and maintained at all judgment of convictions.As mentioned earlier, these beliefs may range from, diets, clothing, gender of the attendant, religious observations to matters relating to pain, healing and death (Peterson-Iyer, 2014). As such the nurse has to work with the patient and the family to come to an understanding andagreement on the best way forward. In an example, it is putting green for registered nurses to be faced with patients who do not want to be attended by nurses of the opposite sex. It is meaning(a) that the nurses understand that this is not the patients way of saying that they do not need help. They just want help that coincides with their cultural beliefs, which they are entitled to at all time (Murphy, 2011).Guidelines for Registered NursesFor the registered nurse to be in a position to offer the best care on the ground of cultural competence there are a few guidelines that fanny help them achieve their goals with much ease. It is important, that guidelines are implemented across the board, such that all the nurses from the different sections integrate them into their practices (D ouglas et al., 2014). This way there will be agreement in the provision of care among all the nurses and thus streamline the nursing practice culture in the health care facility involved.a. Personal noticeFor a nurse to understand the beliefs of the patient that come their way, they would have to first evaluate their let beliefs. The term cultural self-awareness comes to mind in which one objectively examines their own beliefs, values, practices and family engenders (Taylor, 2011.) Cultural self-awareness is important, that way the nurse can create the resembling level of self awareness that the patient has. Much like the nurses have their own preferences that are culturally related, the patients too have the same and would want to be understood and respected not judged on these grounds (Peterson-Iyer, 2014). This is the first step towards enhancing the nurses ability to provide culturally competent care.b. Gaining Knowledge of the CulturesIdeally this means that the nurse sho uld take their time to gain understanding of the cultures of the patients that they are attending. The registered nurse should take interest in learning the traditions, perspective, values, family systems and practices among other culturally relevant material of the patient (Douglas et al., 2011). Different patients will have different beliefs that they observe and it is important for the nurse to stay ahead of the curve, by familiarizing themselves with thedifferent cultures around them.c. Involve the PatientPatient empowerment and advocacy is one of the crucial pillars of any health care practices that put the patients at the center of their practices (Douglas et al., 2014). When treating the patients, registered nurses should make sure that they include the patient, family and friends in the decision-making circle (Murphy, 2011). Making health decisions is crucial to the patient, and it has to be make in manner that, the patient is actually involved in the process.d. Communicati ng Cross-CulturallyCommunication is very important in any relationship, but it is particularly important in the patient/nurse relationship. In this case, it is crucial that the registered nurse learns how to communicate with the patients. Communication is defined as the process of exchanging information and generating and transmitting meanings between twain or more individuals (Taylor, 2011). Communication is not limited to oral but as well spreads to the ability to interpret nonverbal language cues (Murphy, 2011). This is essential as it indicates that the nurse actually respects and dignifies the patient. Miscommunication between nurse and patient much like in general conversation between any two strangers can give a lot of controversies. It is important that the nurse understands the information being transmitted and looks at their patients response before making a hasten judgment. Incorporating culturally competent care in nursing practices Self-awareness is the initial ste p that every registered nurse should take before canvassing to understand their patients.By neat self-aware, it is much easier for the nurse to understand the beliefs and the values of their patients (Peterson-Iyer, 2014). To integrate this aspect in their practices, registered nurses need to get in touch with their inner values and reflect on them, before making any assumption on the part of the patient. By doing this the nurse will be in a position to challenge their assumptions and personal believes as they dispense personal practices and professional ones. It is too important to quality that this is a practice that should start at the student nurse level and go into the professional levels.Building on ones cultural knowledge, can help the nurse go along way into the aspect of understanding the patients and their needs. Registered nurses should neermake assumptions and generalize the patients and their beliefs. Different patients will have different sets of beliefs and it cr ucial to understand the specific details, creating the differences. Nurses should commit their knowledge of the cultural differences to understand the impacts they will have on values, behavior and attitudes of each patient. They will in like manner use this knowledge to establish the impact they will have on the health care policies and the resources at the hospital (Douglas et al., 2014).At the center of the cultural awareness and health care provision is the ability of the nurse to communicate with patients and other checkup team members. unmatchable of the basic aspects of integrating proper communication skills in their work, registered nurses should understand the essence of quality communication (Douglas et al., 2011). This means that they need to value the basic rules of communication. At the same time they to a fault need to have a wealth of understanding with reference to the verbal and nonverbal communication elements. It is advisable that the nurse accent and break up up some of the common phrases used by the patients culture. In the example, when a nurse asks their patient whether they are having any pain, in the patients language, there is the element of the patient feeling appreciated.While it may be taken as a light gesture, it is actually very hygienic and creates a strong between the patient and the nurse (Murphy, 2011). The idea of having patient-centered care that is culturally nourished cannot happen if the patient is not actually involved in their own care (Peterson-Iyer, 2014). In the implementation of the patient-centered care, the registered nurse needs to understand that, whether all the other guidelines are observed, if the patient is not involved in their health care decisions, the program is doomed to fail. arrangement the patients language, values, practices and preferences are not enough if these are not recognized in creating a computer programme where the patient is involved in the decision-making process.The Importanc e of Incorporating Patients Cultural NeedsHealth care has made some very, major leaps since the 60s. It is no bimestrial a practice associated with helping the patient heal and go back to their lives, but it is much more complex and patient-centered. In the past, the doctors and the nurses made the decision and told the patient when they felt the need to inform (Douglas et al., 2011). Due to the level ofglobalization, nurses now get to treat patients from across the globe while at the same time they also get a chance to work in different areas of the world. Learning to interact with the different cultures across the globe is crucial to the development of the patient-centered health care service. For nurses, it is very crucial to ensure that they understand the various cultures to deliver quality care. By understanding the various communications cues in a certain language, whether verbal or nonverbal, it reduces friction between the nurse and the patient.This means that the nurse is able to establish a cordial relationship with the patient and their families. At the same time the nurse also understands the barriers that can inhibit their delivery of care and avoid them or work to refine their skills. When a registered nurse incorporates cultural awareness in their care, they give the indication that they are respectful to the patients. Patients recovering in a hospital are not only battling with physical illness, rather they are also having social and emotional difficulties to deal with. When the nurse shows that they understand, it makes the patient feel much better and this increases the chances of recovery, physically and mentally. For a nurse, incorporating the cultural awareness aspect into their care delivery ensures that they are liberated from social stereotypes (Douglas et al., 2014).By learning the different cultures across the cultural divide, the nurse is skilled with the right knowledge to work anywhere in the world. It is not possible to work acr oss borders if one is still affected by cultural prejudice and preferences (Murphy, 2011). By making sure that one understands their culture, they suit an open mind, where they are able to relate to the different cultures. It also means that the nurse is able to work with different nurses from varying backgrounds. Cross cultural skills are not limited to the nurse-patient relations, due to the fact that the workplaces are now multicultural.Cultural Practices in Health keepingCultural needs have to be incorporated in the delivery of quality health care where possible. The different aspects that demand patient needs are incorporated in the health care function. feed is one of the major aspects that has to be incorporated in the health care services. Different cultures have different diets that they observe, and these have to be maintained evenat the hospital (Peterson-Iyer, 2014). Patients that are of the Muslim faith do not eat pork and as such cannot eat meals containing the sam e in the hospital. Dietary inform must be individualized according to cultural values (Taylor, 2011). Some cultures also do not allow nurses of the opposite sex to attend to them (Douglas et al., 2011).It is also common that patients will have some form of preferential clothing that they would want to wear. At the time of death, some cultures have rituals that may involve the services of spiritual/religious leaders and traditional healers. Some of the most common rituals in the Hispanic culture include prayers, placing candles in the room, picture of saints in the room, groom the body and inviting priests. It is also common to find that some patients may not support some of the medical practices such as cloning, blood transfusion (Murphy, 2011).Understanding these differences creates the balance between the nursing practices and the cultural practices. Incorporating the cultural practices in medical care is crucial for the benefit of the patient and their families. Where possible the nurse can try and suggest alternatives such electric candles for safety issues among others. It also streamlines the delivery of health care services with minimal friction among the patients and their nurses (Douglas et al., 2014).Culturally Competent Nursing coverThe Hispanic community consists of very religious people and follow their culture quite closely. As such when providing care to Hispanic patients, it is crucial for the nurses to take note of their beliefs and respect their wishes. They place a lot of faith in the Virgin Guadalupe and place a lot of emphasis on the traditional means of healing (Peterson-Iyer, 2014). According to the Hispanic traditions that are borrowed from the Greeks, when one is down(p), their balance of the four humors is out of place. The four humors include black bile, yellow bile, blood and the phlegm. Ideally when one is sick from any disease including the chronic diseases, they have a form of imbalance in these humors or they may have too mu ch cold or heat (Taylor, 2011). Some parts of the Hispanic community also believe that there are supernatural powers responsible for diseases.In some cases, chronic diseases are believed to be caused by the supernatural powers and cannot be cured using medicine. Sensory impairments, according to the Hispanics aresometimes caused by supernatural powers while witchcraft is also attributed to patients losing some of their senses (Murphy, 2011). During the end of life care, the Hispanic community believe that a death is just an extension of life. Many may perform cleansing rituals as they prepare their relatives for the next life after their death (Douglas et al., 2014).Nursing care considerationsAs a registered nurse, it is important to understand the cultural believes of the Hispanic patients and the community in general to make sure that the health care delivery is highly improved. In the case of the chronic diseases, most of the families are going to prefer the use of herbal medicin e for treating patients at all ages (Peterson-Iyer, 2014). In the case of the children it is important to try and explain to the families with a lot of understanding, the benefits of the modern medical practices. This also means that, one has to be careful not to look like they are bashing their cultural beliefs. Families can be asked to try the modern medical practices while at the same time they may decide on the traditional practices they are comfortable with. This also goes for the elderly patients, given that like children they are more predisposed to injury or illness and may give in to the treatment or the disease (Murphy, 2011).When it comes to the impairment of sensory organs, most of the time, the Hispanic community will take that the patient has been bewitched, or a supernatural power is responsible. This mostly cuts across the age divide, for the children, youngsters and the old (Douglas et al., 2011). Communicating the importance to the families or the patient to try t he modern medical practices is important. This is due to the fact that it can be difficult to convince an asymptomatic patient that they are ill (Taylor, 2011). The end of life experience takes different shapes across the age divide. In the case of the children, the families may believe that their child has been bewitched and may require performing cleansing rituals. At the same time, the rituals are also directed at helping the diseased join their next life and find peace, whether old or young.ConclusionNursing practices have been revolutionized over time, and delivery of care to the patient is no longer the mandate of the medical teams alone (Murphy,2011). Patient-centered care is the baseline for most of the health care services across the globe. With reference to the globalization levels and the multicultural interactions, nurses have to develop cross-cultural competency skills. Culturally Competent Nursing Care skills are crucial for any one that wants to be a registered nurse (Douglas et al., 2011).ReferencesDouglas, M. K., Rosenkoetter, M., Pacquiao, D. F., Callister, L., Hattar-Pollara, M., Lauderdale, J., & Purnell, L. (2014). Guidelines for Implementing Culturally Competent Nursing Care. Journal Of Transcultural Nursing, 25(2), 109-121. doi10.1177/1043659614520998. Douglas, M., Pierce, J., Rosenkoetter, M., Pacquiao, D., Callister, L., & Hattar-Pollara, M. et al. (2011). Standards of Practice for Culturally Competent Nursing Care 2011 Update. Journal Of Transcultural Nursing, 22(4), 317-333. doi10.1177/1043659611412965. Murphy, K. (2011). The importance of cultural competence. Nursing Made Incredibly Easy, 9(2), 5. Peterson-Iyer, K. (2014). Introduction to Culturally Competent Care. Scu.edu. Retrieved 24 September 2014, from http//www.scu.edu/ethics/practicing/focusareas/medical/culturally-competent-care/introduction.html. Taylor, C., Lillis, C., LeMone, P., & Lynn, P. (2011). Cultural Diversity. In Fundamentals of nursing The art and science of nur sing care (7th ed.). Philadelphia Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.